Command line processing in zip has been changed to support long options and handle all options and arguments more consistently. Some old command lines that depend on command line inconsistencies may no longer work. It is analogous line a combination of the Unix commands tar 1 and compress 1 or tar 1 and gzip 1 and is compatible with PKZIP Phil Katz's ZIP for MSDOS systems and other major zip utilities. A companion program unzip 1L unpacks zip archives. The zip and unzip 1L programs can work with archives produced by most zip utilities depending on the features used and most unzip utilities can work with archives produced by zip though some utilities may still not support streamed archives yet. Note that PKUNZIP 1. You must use PKUNZIP 2. See the EXAMPLES section at the bottom of this page for examples of some typical uses of zip. Large Archives and Zip Zip64 is also used for archives streamed from standard input as the size of such archives are not known in advance, but the option -fz- can be used to force zip to create PKZIP 2 compatible archives as long as Zip64 extensions are not needed. You must use a PKZIP 4. Streamed archives, entries encrypted with standard encryption, or split archives created with the pause option may not be compatible with some utilities as data descriptors are used and they do not yet support them, though the latest PKWare published zip standard now includes the data descriptor format zip uses. Other utilities do support these archives, command. If you run into problems, zip provides a way to strip data descriptors from an existing archive using the --copy option if standard encryption was not used. Though previous Mac versions had their own zip port, zip supports Mac OS X as part of the Unix port and most Unix features apply. References to "MacOS" below generally refer to MacOS versions older than OS X. Mac OS X features supported by the Unix port, such as resource forks, are identified as UNIX APPLE features. For a brief help on zip and unziprun each without specifying any parameters on the command line. The program is useful for packaging a set of files for command for archiving files; and for saving disk space by temporarily compressing unused files or directories. The zip program puts one or more compressed files into a single zip archive, along with information about the files name, path, date, time of last modification, protection, and check information to verify file integrity. An entire directory structure can be packed into a zip archive with a single command. Compression ratios of 2: If bzip2 support is added, zip can also compress using bzip2 compression, but such entries require a reasonably modern unzip to decompress. When bzip2 compression is selected, it replaces deflation as the default method. When given the name of an existing zip archive, zip will replace identically named entries in the zip archive matching the relative names as stored in the archive or add entries for new names. For example, if foo. If a file list is specified as - [Not on MacOS], zip takes the list of input files from standard input instead of from the command line. Under Unix, this option can be used to powerful effect in conjunction with the find 1 command. For example, to archive all the C source files in the current directory and its subdirectories:. Streaming input and output. This generally produces better compression than the previous example using the -r option because zip can take advantage of redundancy between files. The backup can be restored using the command. When no zip file name is given and stdout is not a terminal, zip acts as a filter, compressing standard input to standard output. If Zip64 support for large files and archives is enabled and zip is used as a filter, zip creates a Zip64 archive that requires a PKZIP 4. This is to avoid amgibuities in the zip file structure as defined in the current zip standard PKWARE AppNote where the decision to use Zip64 needs to be made before data is written for the entry, but for a stream the size of the data is not known at that point. If the data is known to be smaller than 4 GB, the option -fz- can be used to prevent use of Zip64, but zip will exit with an error if Zip64 was in fact needed. Also, zip removes the Zip64 extensions if not needed when archive entries are copied see the -U --copy option. When directing the output to another file, note that all options should be before the redirection including -x. When changing an existing zip archive, zip will write a temporary file with the new contents, and only replace the old one when the process of creating the new version has been completed without error. An exception is the -g --grow option, which appends to the original archive. If the name of the zip archive does not contain an extension, the extension. If the name already contains an extension other than. However, split archives archives split over multiple files require the. Scanning and reading files. When zip starts, it scans for files to process if needed. If this scan takes longer than about 5 seconds, zip will display a "Scanning files" message and start displaying progress dots every 2 seconds or every so many entries processed, whichever takes longer. If there is more than 2 seconds between dots it could indicate that finding each file is taking time and could mean a slow network connection for example. Actually the initial file scan is a two-step process where the directory scan is followed by a sort and these options steps are separated with a space in the dots. If updating an existing archive, a space also appears between the existing file scan and the new file scan. The scanning files dots are not controlled by the -ds dot size option, but the dots are turned off by the -q quiet option. The -sf show files option can be used to scan for files and get the list of files scanned without actually processing them. If zip is not able to read a file, it issues a warning but continues. See the -MM option below for more on how zip handles patterns that are not matched and files that are not readable. If some files were skipped, a warning is issued at the end of the zip operation noting how many files were read and how many skipped. The external modes add, update, and freshen read files from the file system as well as from an existing archive while the internal modes delete and copy operate exclusively on entries in an existing archive. Update existing entries and add new files. If the archive does not exist create it. This is the default mode. Update existing entries if newer on the file system and add new files. If the archive does not exist, issue a warning and then create a new archive. Update existing entries of an archive if newer on the file system. Does not add new files to the archive. Select entries in an existing archive and copy them to a new archive. This new mode is similar to update but command line patterns select entries in the existing archive rather than files from the file system and it uses the --out option to write the resulting archive to a new file rather than update the existing archive, leaving the original archive unchanged. The new File Sync option -FS is also considered a new mode, though it is similar to update. This mode synchronizes the archive with the files on the OS, only replacing files in the archive if the file time or size of the OS file is different, adding new files, and deleting entries from the archive where there is no matching file. As this mode can delete entries from the archive, consider making a backup copy of the archive. See each option description below for details and the EXAMPLES section below for examples. A split archive is a standard zip archive split over multiple files. Note that split archives are not just archives split in to pieces, as the offsets of entries are now based on the start of each split. Concatenating the pieces together will invalidate these offsets, but unzip can usually deal with it. One use of split archives is storing a large archive on multiple removable media. For a split archive with 20 split files the files are typically named replace ARCHIVE with the name of your archive ARCHIVE. Note that the last file is the. In contrast, spanned archives are the original multi-disk archive generally requiring floppy disks and using volume labels to store disk numbers. The reverse is also true, where each file of a spanned archive can be copied in order to files with the above names to create a split archive. Use -s to set the split size and create a split archive. The size is given as a number followed optionally by one of k kBm MBg GBor t TB the default is m. The -sp option can be used to pause zip between splits to allow changing removable media, for example, but read the descriptions and warnings for both -s and -sp below. Though zip does not update split archives, zip provides the new option -O --output-file or --out to allow split archives to be updated and saved in a new archive. Be aware that if outarchive. This may be changed in the future. Though the zip standard requires storing paths in an archive using a specific character set, in practice zips have stored paths in archives in whatever the local character set is. This creates problems when an archive is created or updated on a system using one character set and then extracted on another system using a different character set. When compiled with Unicode support enabled on platforms that support wide characters, zip now stores, in addition to the standard local path for backward compatibility, the UTF-8 translation of the path. This provides a common universal character set for storing paths that allows these paths to be fully extracted on other systems that support Unicode and to match as closely as possible on systems that don't. On Win32 systems where paths are internally stored as Unicode but represented in the local character set, it's possible that some paths will be skipped during a local character set directory scan. Note that Win 9x systems and FAT file systems don't fully support Unicode. Be aware that console windows on Win32 and Unix, for example, sometimes don't accurately show all characters due to how each operating system switches in character sets for display. However, directory navigation tools should show the correct paths if the needed fonts are loaded. This version of zip has updated command line processing and support for long options. A short option that takes a value is last in an argument and anything after it is taken as the value. If the option can be negated and "-" immediately follows the option, the option is negated. Short options can also be given as separate arguments. Short options in general take values either as part of the same argument or as the following argument. The -x and -i options accept lists of values and use a slightly different format described below. See the -x and -i options. Values can also follow the argument. Long option names can be shortened to the shortest unique abbreviation. See the option descriptions below for which support long options. To avoid confusion, avoid abbreviating a negatable option with an embedded dash "-" at the dash if you plan to negate it the parser would consider a trailing dash, such as for the option --some-option using --some- as the option, as part of the name rather than a negating dash. This may be changed to force the last dash in --some- to be negating in the future. Adjust self-extracting executable archive. A self-extracting executable archive is created by prepending the SFX stub to an existing archive. The -A option tells zip to adjust the entry offsets stored in the archive to take into account this "preamble" data. At present, only the Amiga port of zip is capable of adjusting or updating these without corrupting them. Once the bits are cleared they are cleared. You may want to use the -sf show files option to store the list of files processed in case the archive operation unzipsfx be repeated. Also consider using the -MM must match option. Be sure to check out -DF as a possibly better way to do incremental backups. Directories are not stored when -AS is used, though by default the paths of entries, including directories, are stored as usual and can be used by most unzips to recreate directories. The archive bit is set by the operating system when a file is modified and, if used with -AC-AS can provide an incremental backup capability. However, other applications can modify the archive bit and it may not be a reliable indicator of which files have changed since the last archive operation. Alternative ways to create incremental backups are using -t to use file dates, though this won't catch old files copied to directories being archived, and -DF to create a differential archive. This option is useful when updating an existing archive and the file system containing this old archive does not have enough space to hold both old and new archives at the same time. It may also be useful when streaming in some cases to avoid the need for data descriptors. Note that using this option may require zip take additional time to copy the archive file when done to the destination file system. Add one-line comments for each file. File operations adding, updating are done first, and the user is then prompted for a one-line comment for each file. Enter the comment followed by return, or just return for no comment. Negating this option -C2- downcases. Negating this option -C5- downcases. Note that shell pathname expansion has been inhibited with backslashes, so that zip can see the asterisks, enabling zip to match on the contents of the zip archive instead of the contents of the current directory. The backslashes are not used on MSDOS-based or VMS platforms. Can also use quotes to escape the asterisks as in. Not escaping the asterisks on a system where the shell expands wildcards could result in the asterisks being converted to a list of files in the current directory and that list used to delete entries from the archive. Under MSDOS, -d is case sensitive when it matches names in the zip archive. This requires that file names be entered in upper case if they were zipped by PKZIP on an MSDOS system. We considered making this case insensitive on systems where paths were case insensitive, but it is possible the archive came from a system where case does matter and the archive could include both Bar and bar as separate files in the archive. But see the new option -ic to ignore case in the archive. Display dots while each entry is zipped except on ports that have their own progress indicator. See -ds below for setting dot size. The default is a dot every 10 MB of input file processed. The -v option also displays dots previously at a much higher rate than this but now -v also defaults to 10 MB and this rate is also controlled by -ds. Display an estimate of the time to finish the archiving operation. Resource forks and Finder info will be ignored. This is useful for exporting files to foreign operating systems where the resource information is not useful. The estimate can vary as system loading and execution speed changes. Set amount of input file processed for each dot displayed. See -dd to enable displaying dots. Setting this option implies -dd. Size is in the format nm where n is a number and m is a multiplier. Currently m can be k KBm MBg GBor t TBso if n is and m is k, size would be k which is KB. The default is 10 MB. The -v option also displays dots and now defaults to 10 MB also. This rate is also controlled by this option. A size of 0 turns dots off. This option does not control the dots from the "Scanning files" message as zip scans for input files. The dot size for that is fixed at 2 seconds or a fixed number of entries, whichever is longer. Display the volume disk number each entry is being read from, if reading an existing archive, and being written to. Do not create entries in the zip archive for directories. Directory entries are created by default so that their attributes can be saved in the zip archive. The environment variable ZIPOPT can be used to change the default options. For example under Unix with sh:. The variable ZIPOPT can be used for any option, including -i and -x using a new option format detailed below, and can include several options. Create an archive that contains all new and changed files since the original archive was created. For this to work, the input file list and current directory must be the same as during the original zip operation. Note that the timezone environment variable TZ should be set according to the local timezone in order for this option to work correctly. A change in timezone since the original archive was created could result in no times matching and all files being included. A possible approach to backing up a directory might be to create a normal archive of the contents of the directory as a full backup, then use this option to create incremental backups. Encrypt the contents of the zip archive using a password which is entered on the terminal in response to a prompt this will not be echoed; if standard error is not a tty, zip will exit with an error. The password is requested twice to save the user from typing errors. Replace freshen an existing entry in the zip archive only if it has been modified more recently than the version already in the zip archive; unlike the update option -u this will not add files that are not already in the zip archive. This command should be run from the same directory from which the original zip command was run, since paths stored in zip archives are always relative. Note that the timezone environment variable TZ should be set according to the local timezone line order for the -f-u and -o options to work correctly. The reasons behind this are somewhat subtle but have to do with the differences between the Unix-format file times always in GMT and most of the other operating systems always local time and the necessity to compare the two. A typical TZ value is "MET-1MEST" Middle European time with automatic adjustment for "summertime" or Daylight Savings Time. The format is TTThhDDD, where TTT is the time zone such as MET, hh is the difference between GMT and local time such as -1 above, and DDD is the time zone when daylight savings time is in effect. Leave off the DDD if there is no daylight savings time. For the US Eastern time zone EST5EDT. Fix the zip archive. The -F option can be used if some portions of the archive are missing, but requires a reasonably intact central directory. The input archive is scanned as usual, but zip will ignore some problems. The resulting archive should be valid, but any inconsistent entries will be left out. When doubled as in -FFthe archive is scanned from the beginning and zip scans for special signatures to identify the limits between the archive members. The single -F is more reliable if the archive is not too much damaged, so try this option first. If the archive is too damaged or the end has been truncated, you must use -FF. This is a change from zip 2. The -F option now more reliably fixes archives with minor damage and the line option is needed to fix archives where -F might have been sufficient before. Neither option will recover archives that have been incorrectly transferred in ascii mode instead of binary. After the repair, the -t option of unzip may show that some files have a bad CRC. Such files cannot unzipsfx recovered; unzipsfx can remove them from the archive using the -d option of zip. Note that -FF may have trouble fixing archives that include an embedded zip archive that was stored without compression in the archive and, depending on the damage, it may find the entries in the embedded archive rather than the archive itself. Try -F first as it does not have this problem. The format of the fix commands have changed. For line, to fix the damaged archive foo. If this doesn't work, as when the archive is truncated, or if some entries you know are in the archive are missed, then try. The -FF option may create an inconsistent archive. Depending on what is damaged, you can then use the -F option to fix that archive. A split archive with missing split files can be fixed using -F if you have the last split of the archive the. If this file is missing, you must use -FF to fix the archive, which will prompt you for the splits you have. Currently the fix options can't recover entries that have a bad checksum or are otherwise damaged. This option tells zip to read the contents of any FIFO it finds. Synchronize the contents of an archive with the files on the OS. Normally when an archive is updated, new files are added and changed files are updated but files that no longer exist on the OS are not deleted from the archive. This option enables a new mode that checks entries in the archive against the file system. If the file time and file size of the entry matches that of the OS file, the entry is copied from the old archive instead of being read from the file system and compressed. If the OS file has changed, the entry is read and compressed as usual. If the entry in the archive does not match a file on the OS, the entry is deleted. Enabling this option should create archives that are the same as new archives, but since existing entries are copied instead of compressed, updating an existing archive with -FS can be much faster than creating a new archive. Also consider using -u for updating an archive. For this option to work, the archive should be updated from the same directory it was created in so the relative paths match. If few files are being copied from the old archive, it may be faster to create a new archive instead. A change in timezone since the original archive was created could result in no times matching and recompression of all files. This option deletes files from the archive. If you need to preserve the original archive, make a copy of the archive first or use the --out option to output the updated archive to a new file. Even though it may be slower, creating a new archive with a new archive name is safer, avoids mismatches between archive and OS paths, and is preferred. Grow append to the specified zip archive, instead of creating a new one. This can be fast if only a few entries are being added, as any old entries remain where they are in the archive as new entries are appended. If this operation fails, zip attempts to restore the archive to its original state. If the restoration fails, the archive might become corrupted. This option is ignored when there's no existing archive or when at least one archive member must be updated or deleted. Display the zip help information this also appears if zip is run with no arguments. Display extended help including more on command line format, pattern matching, and more obscure options. Note for PKZIP users: PKZIP does not allow recursion in directories other than the current one. The backslash avoids shell filename substitution, so that the name matching is performed by zip at all directory levels. Examples are for Unix unless otherwise specified. Though the command syntax used to require -i at the end of the command line, this version actually allows -i or --include anywhere. The list of files terminates at the next argument starting with -the end of the command line, or the list terminator an argument that is just. So the above can be given as. There must be a space between the option and the first file of a list. For just one file you can use the single value form. The single value forms are not recommended because they can be confusing and, in particular, the -ifile format can cause problems if the first letter of file combines with i to form a two-letter option starting with i. Use -sc to see how your command line will be parsed. Files to -i and -x are patterns matching internal archive paths. See -R for more on patterns. When used, zip will not consider Image files eg. DOS partitions or Spark archives when SparkFS is loaded as directories but will store them as single files. For example, if you have SparkFS loaded, zipping a Spark archive will result in a zipfile containing a directory and its content while using the 'I' option will result in a zipfile containing a Spark archive. Obviously this second case will also be obtained without the 'I' option if SparkFS isn't loaded. This option is only available on systems where the case of files is ignored. On systems with case-insensitive file systems, case is normally ignored when matching files on the file system but is not ignored for -f freshen-d delete-U copyand similar modes when matching against archive entries currently -f ignores case on VMS because archive entries can be from systems where case does matter and names that are the same except for case can exist in an archive. The -ic option makes all matching case insensitive. This can result in multiple archive entries matching a command line pattern. Store just the name of a saved file junk the pathand do not store directory names. By default, zip will store the full path relative to the current directory. The complete path including volume will be stored. By default the relative path will be stored. Attempt to convert the names and paths to conform to MSDOS, store only the MSDOS attribute just the user write attribute from Unixand mark the entry as made under MSDOS even though it was not ; for compatibility with PKUNZIP under MSDOS which cannot handle certain names such as those with two dots. Translate the Unix end-of-line character LF into the MSDOS convention CR LF. This option should not be used on binary files. This option can be used on Unix if the zip file is intended for PKUNZIP under MSDOS. If the input files already contain CR LF, this option adds an extra CR. This is to ensure that unzip -a on Unix will get back an exact copy of the original file, to undo the effect of zip -l. See -ll for how binary files are handled. Open a logfile at the given path. By default any existing file at that location is overwritten, but the -la option will result in an existing file being opened and the new log information appended to any existing information. Only warnings and errors are written to the log unless the -li option is also given, then all information messages are also written to the log. Include information messages, such as file names being zipped, in the log. The default is to only include the command line, any warnings and errors, and the final status. Translate the MSDOS end-of-line CR LF into Unix LF. This option can be used on MSDOS if the zip file is intended for unzip under Unix. If the file is converted and the file is later determined to be binary a warning is issued and the file is probably corrupted. In this release if -ll detects binary in the first buffer read from a file, zip now issues a warning and skips line end conversion on the file. This check seems to catch all binary files tested, but the original check remains and if a converted file is later determined to be binary that warning is still issued. A new algorithm is now being used for binary detection that should allow line end conversion of text files in UTF-8 and similar encodings. If a directory becomes empty after removal of the files, the directory is also removed. No deletions are done until zip has created the archive without error. This is useful for conserving disk space, but is potentially dangerous so it is recommended to use it in combination with -T to test the archive before removing all input files. All input patterns must match at least one file and all input files found must be readable. Normally when an input pattern does not match a file the "name not matched" warning is issued, and when an input file has been found but later is missing or not readable a "could not open" warning is issued. In either case zip continues creating the archive, with missing or unreadable new files being skipped and files already in the archive remaining unchanged. After the archive is created, if any files were not readable zip returns the OPEN error code 18 on most systems instead of the normal success return 0 on most systems. With -MM set, zip exits as soon as an input pattern is not matched whenever the "name not matched" warning would be issued or when an input file is not readable. In either case zip exits with an OPEN error and no archive is created. This option is useful when a known list of files is to be zipped so any missing or unreadable files will result in an error. It is less useful when used with wildcards, but zip will still exit with an error if any input pattern doesn't match at least one file and if any matched files are unreadable. If you want to create the archive anyway and only need to know if files were skipped, don't use -MM and just check the return code. Also -lf could be useful. Paths on MVS are generally in the form aa. To make these paths more compatible with non-MVS systems, zip converts the dots to slashes. The default translation has caused problems, however, so this option now allows control of how the paths are translated. This is the default for backward compatibility and is probably the most compatible format for old MSDOS 8. Do not attempt to compress files named with the given suffixes. The suffixes are separated by either colons or semicolons. By default, zip does not compress files options extensions in the list. Such files are stored directly in the output archive. For example under Unix with csh:. The maximum compression option -9 also attempts compression on all files regardless of extension. On Acorn RISC OS systems the suffixes are actually filetypes 3 hex digit format. By default, zip does not compress files with filetypes in the list DDC: Archives, CFS files and PackDir files. Do not perform internal wildcard processing shell processing of wildcards is still done by the shell unless the arguments are escaped. Useful if a list of paths is being read and no wildcard substitution is desired. They can be restored by using the -N option of unzip. If -c is used also, you are prompted for comments only for those files that do not have filenotes. Set the "last modified" time of the zip archive to the latest oldest "last modified" time found among the entries in the zip archive. This can be used without any other operations, if desired. Process the archive changes as usual, but instead of updating the existing archive, output the new archive to output-file. Useful for updating an archive without changing the existing archive and the input archive must be a different file than the output archive. This option can be used to create updated split archives. It can also be used with -U to copy entries from an existing archive to a new archive. See the EXAMPLES section below. Another use is converting zip files from one split size to another. For instance, to convert an archive with MB CD splits to one with 2 GB DVD splits, can use:. Copy mode will convert stream entries using data descriptors and which should be compatible with most unzips to normal entries which should be compatible with all unzipsexcept if standard encryption was used. For archives with encrypted entries, zipcloak will decrypt the entries and convert them to normal entries. Include relative file paths as part of the names of files stored in the archive. This is the default. The -j option junks the paths and just stores the names of the files. Prefix all paths in the archive with the string prefx. The string must include only alphanumeric and limited punctuation characters. No spaces are allowed. Slashes are allowed so that the prefix can put the archive contents into a directory. Use password to encrypt zipfile entries if any. Many multi-user operating systems provide ways for any user to see the current command line of any other user; even on stand-alone systems there is always the threat of over-the-shoulder peeking. Storing the plaintext password as part of a command line in an automated script is even worse. Whenever possible, use the non-echoing, interactive prompt to enter passwords. And where security is truly important, use strong encryption such as Pretty Good Privacy instead of the relatively weak standard encryption provided by zipfile utilities. Quiet mode; eliminate informational messages and comment prompts. Useful, for example, in shell scripts and background tasks. In this case, all the files and directories in foo are saved in a zip archive named foo. If you wish to include only a specific subset of the files in directory foo and its subdirectories, use the -i option to specify the pattern of files to be included. You should not use -r with the name ". Note that while wildcards to -r are typically resolved while recursing down directories in the file system, any -R, -xand -i wildcards are applied to internal archive pathnames once the directories are scanned. To have wildcards apply to files in subdirectories when recursing on Unix and similar systems where the shell does wildcard substitution, either escape all wildcards or put all arguments with wildcards in quotes. This lets zip see the wildcards and match files in subdirectories using them as it recurses. More than one pattern can be listed as separate arguments. Patterns are relative file paths as they appear in the archive, or will after zipping, and can have optional wildcards in them. For example, given the current directory is foo and under it are directories foo1 and foo2 and in foo1 is the file bar. Because of confusion resulting from the need to escape "[" and "]" in names, it is now off by default for Windows so "[" and "]" are just normal characters in names. This option enables [] matching again. Enable creating a split archive and set the split size. A split archive is an archive that could be split over many files. As the archive is created, if the size of the archive reaches the specified split size, that split is closed and the next split opened. In general all splits but the last will be the split size and the last will be whatever is left. If the entire archive is smaller than the split size a single-file archive is created. Split archives are stored in numbered files. For example, if the output archive is named archive and three splits are required, command resulting archive will be in the three files archive. Do not change the numbering of these files or the archive will not be readable as these are used to determine the order the splits are read. Split size is a number optionally followed by a multiplier. Currently the number must be an integer. The multiplier can currently be one of k kilobytesm megabytesg gigabytesor t terabytes. As 64k is the minimum split size, numbers without multipliers default to megabytes. For example, to create a split archive called foo with the contents of the bar directory with splits of MB that might be useful for burning on CDs, the command:. Currently the old splits of a split archive are not excluded from a new archive, but they can be specifically excluded. If possible, keep the input and output archives out of the path being zipped when creating split archives. Using -s without -sp as above creates all the splits where foo is being written, in this case the current directory. This split mode updates the splits as the archive is being created, requiring all splits to remain writable, but creates split archives that are readable by any unzip that supports split archives. See -sp below for enabling split pause mode which allows splits to be written directly to removable media. The option -sv can be used to enable verbose splitting and provide details of how the splitting is being done. The -sb option can be used to ring the bell when zip pauses for the next split destination. Split archives cannot be updated, but see the -O --out option for how a split archive can be updated as it is copied to a new archive. A split archive can also be converted into a single-file archive using a split size of 0 or negating the -s option:. If splitting and using split pause mode, ring the bell when zip pauses for each split destination. Show the command line starting zip as processed and exit. The new command parser permutes the arguments, putting all options and any values associated with them before any non-option arguments. This allows an option to appear anywhere in the command line as long as any values that go with the option go with it. This option displays the command line as zip sees it, including any arguments from the environment options as from the ZIPOPT variable. Where allowed, options later in the command line can override options earlier in the command line. Show the files that would be operated on, then exit. For instance, if creating a new archive, this will list the files that would be added. If the option is negated, -sf-output only to an open log file. Screen display is not recommended for large lists. Show all available options supported by zip as compiled on the current system. As this command reads the option table, it should include all options. Each line includes the short option if definedthe long option if definedthe format of any value that goes with the option, if the option can be negated, and a small description. The value format can be no value, required value, optional value, single character value, number value, or a list of values. The output of this option is not intended to show how to use any option but only show what options are available. If splitting command enabled with -senable split pause mode. This creates split archives as -s does, but stream writing is used so each split can be closed as soon as it is written and zip will pause between each split to allow changing split destination or media. Though this split mode allows writing splits directly to removable media, it uses stream archive format that may not be readable by some unzips. Before relying on splits created with -sptest a split archive with the unzip you will be using. To convert a stream split archive created with -sp command a standard archive see the --out option. Similar to -sfbut show only the Unicode version of the path. If it doesn't exist, show the standard version of the path. Do not operate on files modified prior to the specified date, where mm is the monthdd is the day of the monthand yyyy is the year. The ISO date format yyyy-mm-dd is also accepted. Do not operate on files modified after or at the specified date, where mm is the monthdd is the day of the monthand yyyy is the year. Test the integrity of the new zip file. If the check fails, the old zip file is unchanged and with the -m option no input files are removed. If a password is provided to zip using options -e or -Pthat password is now used while testing the archive. The -T option actually spawns the command " unzip -tqq tempname" to test the temporary archive where tempname is replaced by zip with the path to the temporary archive being tested. Usually this uses the default unzip on your system. If this isn't doing it such as when you create a 5 GB archive and your system has an old unzip that can't test iteither update the unzip on your system or use the -TT option to specify what unzip to run. The -T option actually causes zip to spawn a command like "unzip -tqq tempname" to test the temporary archive, where zip replaces tempname with the path to the temporary archive being tested, and a "v" option on the zip command causes the "qq" to be omitted. If multiple unzip programs are installed on the system, then a plain unzip command like this may not run the desired one. For example, "unzip" might lead to an old, small-file unzip program, which can't handle your 5 GiB archive. If this is not convenient, then use the zip option "-TT cmd" to specify the exact unzip command to be used. Carelessness here can cause "zip -T" to extract files from the archive instead of merely testing it. Use command cmd instead of 'unzip -tqq' to test an archive when the -T option is used. On Unix, to use a copy of unzip in the current directory instead of the standard system unzip, one could use:. The return code is checked for success 0 on Unix. Replace update an existing entry in the zip archive only if it has been modified more recently than the version already in the zip archive. Note that the -u option with no input file arguments acts like the -f freshen option. Copy entries from one archive to another. Requires the --out option to specify a different output file than the input archive. Copy mode is the reverse of -d delete. When delete is being used with --outthe selected entries are deleted from the archive and all other entries are copied to the new archive, while copy mode selects the files to include in options new archive. Unlike -u update, input patterns on the command line are matched against archive entries only and not the file system files. The wildcard must be escaped on some systems to prevent the shell from substituting names of files from the file system which may have no relevance to the entries in the archive. This is useful for changing split size for instance by adding the -s option. It also will remove any data descriptors that are not needed. Encrypting and decrypting entries is not yet supported using copy mode. Use zipcloak for that. Determine what zip should do with Unicode file names. When an entry is missing the Unicode path, zip reverts back to the standard file path. The problem with using the standard path is this path is in the local character set of the zip that created the entry, which may contain characters that are not valid in the character set being used by the unzip. When zip is reading an archive, if an entry also has a Unicode path, zip now defaults to using the Unicode path to recreate the standard path using the current local character set. This option can be used to determine what zip should do with this path if there is a mismatch between the stored standard path and the stored UTF-8 path which can happen if the standard path was updated. In all cases, if there is a mismatch it is assumed that the standard path is more current and zip uses that. Values for v are. Characters that are not valid in the current character set are escaped as Uxxxx and Lxxxxxxwhere x is an ASCII character for a hex digit. The first is used if a bit character number is sufficient to represent the Unicode character and the second if the character needs more than 16 bits to represent its Unicode character code. Normally zip stores UTF-8 directly in the standard path field on systems where UTF-8 is the current character set and stores the UTF-8 in the new extra fields otherwise. Note that storing UTF-8 directly is the default on Unix systems that support it. This option could be useful on Windows systems where the escaped path is too large to be a valid path and the UTF-8 version of the path is smaller, but native UTF-8 is not backward compatible on Windows systems. Normally, when applied to real operations, this option enables the display of a progress indicator during compression see -dd for more on dots and requests verbose diagnostic info about zipfile structure oddities. However, when -v is the only command line argument a diagnostic screen is printed instead. This should now work even if stdout is redirected to a file, allowing easy saving of the information for sending with bug reports to Info-ZIP. The version screen provides the help screen header with program name, version, and release date, some pointers to the Info-ZIP home and distribution sites, and shows information about the target environment compiler type and version, OS version, compilation date and the enabled optional features used to create the zip executable. Files are truncated at EOF. Indexed files and file types with embedded record sizes notably variable-length record types will probably be seen as corrupt elsewhere. Useful for moving ill-formed files among VMS systems. When a -VV archive is unpacked on a non-VMS system, almost all files will appear corrupt. By default, version numbers are stripped from the archive names. This might be inconvenient on a non-VMS system. See also -wwbelow. That is, with -w"[. This might be less inconvenient on a non-VMS system. Wildcards match only at a directory level. Normally zip handles paths as strings and given the paths. With -ws no directory bounds will be included in the match, making wildcards local to a specific directory level. So, with -ws enabled, only the second path would be matched. The backslash avoids the shell filename substitution, so that the name matching is performed by zip at all directory levels. The zip format uses extra fields to include additional information for each entry. Some extra fields are specific to particular systems while others are applicable to all systems. Normally when zip reads entries from an existing archive, it reads the extra fields it knows, strips the rest, and adds the extra fields applicable to that system. With -Xzip strips all old fields and only includes the Unicode and Zip64 extra fields currently these two extra fields cannot be disabled. Negating this option, -X-includes all the default extra fields, but also copies over any unrecognized extra fields. For UNIX and VMS V8. This can avoid multiple copies of files being included in the archive as zip recurses the directory trees and accesses files directly and by links. Prompt for a multi-line comment for the entire zip archive. The comment can be taken from a file:. Set the default compression method. Currently the main methods supported by zip are store and deflate. Compression method can be set to:. This is generally faster than compressing entries, but results in no space savings. This is the same as using -0 compression level zero. If zip determines that storing is better than deflation, the entry will be stored instead. Only some modern unzips currently support the bzip2 compression method, so test the unzip you will be using before relying on archives using this method compression method Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digitwhere -0 indicates no compression store all files-1 indicates the fastest compression speed less compression and -9 indicates the slowest compression speed optimal compression, ignores the suffix list. The default compression level is Though still being worked, the intention is this setting will control compression speed for all compression methods. Currently only deflation is controlled. If you want to include only the volume label or to force a specific drive, use the drive name as first file name, as in:. Because of the way the shell on Unix does filename substitution, files starting with ". You may want to make a zip archive that contains the files in foowithout recording the directory name, foo. You can use the -j option to leave off the paths, as in:. If you line short on disk space, you might not have enough room to hold both the original directory and the corresponding compressed zip archive. In this case, you can create the archive in steps using the -m option. If foo contains the subdirectories tomdickand harryyou can:. At the completion of each zip command, the last created archive is deleted, making room for the next zip command to function. The size is given as a number followed optionally by one of k kBm MBg GBor t TB. If foo contained 5 GB of contents and the contents were stored in the split archive without compression to make this example simplethis would create three splits, split. Though zip does not update split archives, zip provides the new option -O --output-file to allow split archives to be updated and saved in a new archive. Be aware that outarchive. This section applies only to Unix. Watch this space for details on MSDOS and VMS operation. The Unix shells shcshbashand others normally do filename substitution also called "globbing" on command arguments. Generally the special characters are:. This form of wildcard matching allows a user to specify a list of characters between square brackets and if any of the characters match the expression matches. Negation is also supported, where any character in that position not in the list matches. Negation is supported by adding! On WIN32, [] matching needs to be turned on with the -RE option to avoid the confusion that names with [ or ] have caused. When these characters are encountered without being escaped with a backslash or quotesthe shell will look for files relative to the current path that match the pattern, and replace the argument with a unzipsfx of the names that matched. The zip program can do the same matching on names that are in the zip archive being modified or, in the case of the -x exclude or -i include options, on the list of files to be operated on, by using backslashes or quotes to tell the shell not to do the name expansion. In general, when zip encounters a name unzipsfx the list of files to do, it first looks for the name in the file system. If it finds it, it then adds it to the list of files to do. If it does not find it, it looks for the name in the zip archive being modified if it existsusing the pattern matching characters described above, if present. For each match, it will add that name to the list of files to be processed, unless this name matches one given with the -x option, or does not match any name given with the -i option. Note that the backslash must precede every special character i. In general, use backslashes or double quotes for paths that have wildcards to make zip do the pattern matching for file paths, and always for paths and strings that have spaces or wildcards for -i-x-R-dand -U and anywhere zip needs to process the wildcards. The contents of this environment variable will get added to the command line just after the zip command. The exit status or error level approximates the exit codes defined by PKWARE and takes on the following values, except under VMS:. Processing may have completed successfully anyway; some broken zipfiles created by other archivers have simple work-arounds. VMS interprets standard Unix or PC return values as other, scarier-looking things, so zip instead maps them into VMS-style status codes. More details are included in the VMS-specific documentation. The old versions of zip or PKZIP would create an archive with an incorrect format. The old versions can list the contents of the zip file but cannot extract it anyway because of the new compression algorithm. If you do not use encryption and use regular disk files, you do not have to care about this problem. It may be possible to convert archives with other formats using Rahul Dhesi's BILF program. This version of zip handles some of the conversion internally. When using Kermit to transfer zip files from VMS to MSDOS, type "set file type block" on VMS. When transfering from MSDOS to VMS, type "set file type fixed" on VMS. In both cases, type "set file type binary" on MSDOS. On some older VMS versions, zip may hang for file specifications that use DECnet syntax foo:: Other programs such as GNU tar are also affected by this bug. Therefore the value reported by zip which uses this bit-mode size differs from that reported by DIR. Copyright C Mark Adler, Richard B. Wales, Jean-loup Gailly, Onno van der Linden, Kai Uwe Rommel, Igor Mandrichenko, John Bush and Paul Kienitz. Permission is granted to any individual or institution to use, copy, or redistribute this software so long as all of the original files are included, that it is not sold for profit, and that this copyright notice is retained. IN NO EVENT WILL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Please send bug reports and comments using the web page at: For bug reports, please include the version of zip see zip -hthe make options used to compile it see zip -vthe machine and operating system in use, and as much additional information as possible. Byrne for his Shrink. Pas program, which inspired this project, and from which the shrink algorithm was stolen; to Phil Katz for placing in the public domain the zip file format, compression format, and. ZIP filename extension, and for accepting minor changes to the file format; to Steve Burg for clarifications on the deflate format; to Haruhiko Okumura and Leonid Broukhis for providing some useful ideas for the compression algorithm; to Keith Petersen, Rich Wales, Hunter Goatley and Mark Adler for providing a mailing list and ftp site for the Info-ZIP group to use; and most importantly, to the Info-ZIP group itself listed in the file infozip. Finally we should thank blame the first Info-ZIP moderator, David Kirschbaum, for getting us into this mess in the first place. The manual page was rewritten for Unix by R. Rodgers and updated by E. Gordon for zip 3. The basic command format is. So if before the zip command is executed foo. For example, to archive all the C source files in the current directory and its subdirectories: The stream can also be saved to a file and unzip used. Also see -DF for creating difference archives. Short options take the form. Long options take the form. Handle all files as ASCII text files. Use the specified path for the temporary zip archive. Negating this option -C- downcases. For example under Unix with sh: This version of zip does allow -x and -i options in ZIPOPT if the form -x file file The long option form of the first example is. For options under Unix with csh: For instance, to convert an archive with MB CD splits to one with 2 GB DVD splits, can use: Multiple source directories are allowed as in. Travel the directory structure recursively starting at the current directory; for example: See the note for -r on escaping wildcards. For example, to create a split archive called foo with the contents of the bar directory with splits of MB that might be useful for burning on CDs, the command: A split archive can also be converted into a single-file archive using a split size of 0 or negating the -s option: Similar to -sfbut also show Unicode version of the path if it exists. Enable various verbose messages while splitting, showing how the splitting is being done. On Unix, to use a copy of unzip in the current directory instead of the standard system unzip, one could use: If no input files appear on the command line and --out is used, copy mode is assumed: The default is to warn and continue. The long option forms of the above are. If there is no space between -x and the pattern, just one value is assumed no list: The comment can be taken from a file: Compression method can be set to: For example, to add bar. Take the list of input files from standard input. Only one filename per line. If you want to include only the volume label or to force a specific drive, use the drive name as first file name, as in: Even this will not include any subdirectories from the current directory. To zip up an entire directory, the command: You can use the -j option to leave off the paths, as in: If foo contains the subdirectories tomdickand harryyou can:
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